Forgotten islands of French Polynesia
Very far in the South Pacific, scattered on the ocean,
the Austral Islands are almost as far apart from each other as far from Tahiti.
In the Austral Archipelago a bay of Raivavae |
Orientated
on a Southeast-Northwest axis, the archipelago of the Australes stretches on
more than 700 kilometers in the South of Tahiti, astride on the Tropic of
Capricorn. If it isn’t the most distant from the Polynesian capital, it’s the
most isolated, the least known and the least visited.
The Austral
Islands and the geography
Compound of five high
islands, an atoll and an islet, the archipelago barely represents 140 km2 of
the emerged lands. Stretched as a rosary, five main islands of the Austral
Islands are framed in the northeast by Maria Islands (Nororotu) and the islets of Bass (Marotiri) at the extreme southeast. These last two groups are
uninhabited. This geographical situation makes the islets of Bass the most
South lands of the whole French Polynesia.
The Austral Islands, the most isolated and most southerly of Polynesia |
Formed by four islets locked
in the same lagoon, Maria Islands are the only atoll of the archipelago. The
four islets of Bass, as for them, represent a surface of lands emerged hardly
superior to four hectares…
From north to south, five
inhabited islands of the Australes are: Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae and
Rapa. Together, they represent barely more than 6300 inhabitants (Census of
2007)
Today, only Rurutu, Tubuai
and Raivavae have an airport; and there is no interisland sea link. It’s a
schooner (passenger-cargo ship) and it’s alone, which supplies the archipelago
and allows to go to Rapa.
Much more freshly than in
Tahiti, the moderate climate of these islands made them the kitchen garden of
Tahiti and Moorea.
The short
history of the Archipelago of Australes
Compared with the other
Polynesian archipelagoes, it’s very late that the Austral Islands would have
been populated. According to sources, this populating would have been made
between the XIth and the XIVth century. No thorough archaeological research was
led, allowing to answer this question.
What we know almost
certainly, it’s that the first inhabitants of these islands came from
Tahiti.
Rapa, the least known of Austral Islands |
It’s James Cook, still he,
who is the first European to discover an island of the archipelago. We are on August
13th, 1769 and it’s Rurutu which he baptizes Oteroah. He tries well
to accost by sending a whaler, but can’t reach because of the hostility of the
inhabitants there.
It’s during his third and
last journey that he discovers Tubuai on August 8th, 1877. If he
doesn’t accost, the islanders come to meet him. Regrettably, a wide coral reef
makes the unfit island at anchor. It’s moreover this characteristic which
decided the mutineers of The Bounty to take refuge here.
The last ones to be
concerned on a map were Maria Islands by the American George Whashington Gardner in 1824.
The art and
the culture in the archipelago
The works of art produced by
the people of the Austral Islands are often considered as the most remarkable to
be found in Polynesia. Regrettably, almost all of these works are spread in the
biggest western museums or in the private collections. The archipelago was
literally plundered of its heritage of which there is left practically nothing more
on the spot.
Indeed, if the natives made
presents of numerous pieces to the sailors of passage, certain sites were
purely and simply stripped, in particular by the missionaries of the London
Missionary Society.
A beach of Rurutu in the Archipelago of Australes |
These latter were
particularly worried of removing the slightest track of the former worships.
So, for example, on 62 marae listed
at the beginning of the XXth century at Ravavae, no more than 23 stays, still
visible today.
The most famous of the works
stolen from the Austral Islands, is in British Museum of London today. It’s
about a sculpture of the God A’a,
discovered in Rurutu, whose reproduction is on the island.
Very famous also are the pahu (big vertical drums) which welcomed
the shipsss of passage.
Very numerous objects, of
all kinds and of great beauty, were so scattered. They show a particularly
developed and sophisticated artistic expression.
The Austral
Islands and the economy
Beyond a vital
food-producting agriculture for all the inhabitants of the archipelago, it’s
the agriculture which is the most important resource of these islands.
Thanks to a climate much
more temperated than the rest of the Polynesia, the important vegetable
producing of the Austral Islands is exported towards Tahiti, insuring the main
part of the financial income of the inhabitants.
The fishing and the breeding
are the main activities of the islanders. It should be noted that we find in
the archipelago the only producer of goat cheeses of Polynesia.
Most of the families
dedicate a large part of their time to crafts very appreciated in Tahiti, both
by the Polynesians and by the tourists. The craftsmen of the Australes are
particularly considered for a production of particularly rich and fine basketwork.
In spite of its very
numerous attractiveness, the archipelago of the Australes is little frequented
by the tourists. Two essential reasons in it: the transports and the accommodation.
The Bay of the Virgins at Rimatara, Austral Islands |
The aerial connections are
rare, difficult and very expensive. On the other hand, no inter-islands
connection existing it’s impossible to visit the islands of the archipelago in
a reasonable lapse of time. The only way to do it, is to use the services of the
schooner, what implies to have time; but most of the visitors haven’t a lot of free
time at their disposal.
If the quality of the
welcome is there legendary, the hotel infrastructures are practically
non-existent. Two only solutions are the few boarding houses and the hosting at
the inhabitant’s.
If, in February, 2010, the
Austral Islands were very hard struck by the cyclone Oli, the archipelago
remains not less one of the most surprising and striking destinations of French
Polynesia. It’s true that it’s doubtless there that the inhabitants know how to
best keep their identity and lifestyles far from those who developed in Tahiti
for example…
Whoever took time to make
this journey, he returns marked for ever.
An article
of Julien Gué
Translated from French by Monak
Copyright
Julien Gué. Ask for the author’s agreement before any reproduction of the
text or the images on Internet or traditional press.